Tengtai: See Inflation From A Shirt Inquiry Tour

Xiao Jiang saw a shirt at a price tag in the shopping mall, and the price was 2000 yuan.

Jiang's mother thinks that the cost of shirts is only cloth plus buttons, which is worth up to 200 yuan.

And the sister who works in a small garment factory does not agree with her mother. She thinks that besides the cost of cloth and buttons, the wage cost of these workers should be added, because without their sewing, cloth and buttons will not become shirts themselves, so it should be worth 500 yuan.

But in the eyes of sister Xiao Jiang's boss, this shirt is not only worth 500 yuan, because in his factory, not only cotton cloth and buttons are demanded, but also workers are asked for money, rental factories, equipment and managers need money, which should be counted in the cost of shirts, and the shirts should be worth 800 yuan.

The envy of Chinese bosses is

Back in the shop where the shirts were bought, the salesperson still insisted on the asking price of 2000 yuan, because the difference from 1800 to 2000 was the cost of the shirt from the factory to the shopping mall plus her sales wages.

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However, different levels of price increases are not the whole mechanism of product price formation.

The key question is: how much will the product price increase after each link and how to decide?

For example, why does the price of labor and raw materials rise? Why can small factories in China only sell their garments to American manufacturers for 800 yuan to earn meager profits, while American manufacturers can sell 1800 yuan to get high profits? Why do they increase from 1800 yuan to 2000 yuan through circulation, rather than higher or lower?

Economics tells us that decisions of all prices are the result of the two forces of supply and demand, but this is only a general statement.

Because according to the competition situation, the market can be divided into four types: perfect competition market, monopolistic market, oligopoly market and monopolistic competition market.

When there is no competition in the market, that is, in the monopolistic market, consumers do not have any right to speak, producers are powerful in price and output. This market is the site of a monopolistic manufacturer; when the market reaches full competition, it can be said that consumers dominate the market, producers can only obey the market arrangement, and this is the time for consumers to decide.

Judging from the forming process of a shirt, if the chemical fiber shirt, the upstream raw material oil is oligopoly market, if the pure cotton shirt, upstream raw materials and agricultural products are similar to the completely competitive market; the shirt production without brand identification is a complete competitive market, and the clothing market with brand identification is a monopolistic competition market; in the process of product pportation, it will also be faced with the influence of logistics factors. Finally, when entering the shopping mall and facing the consumers, the last link of the circulation enterprise will have to experience the "final exploitation".

In every link, the price of shirts can vary greatly, which is closely related to their market shape (or economic level).

If every link is completely competitive, fierce market competition will keep the price of every link to the lowest. On the contrary, if every link is monopolized, the price control of manufacturers may cause the price to remain high.

Therefore, we need to explain how the price is formed in each link, and we need to find out the cause of the market in every link, or find the reasons for the competition level in each link.

Black, a British poet, once wrote, "a world in a sand, a paradise in a flower". Behind a shirt is a complex micro price formation mechanism.

The distance from 200 to 2000 is the distance from raw materials to finished products, and then to terminal consumption.

Only by finding out all the microscopic links in this distance can we really open up.